Abstract (ukr):
У статті систематизовано регуляторні трансформації 2025–2026 рр. щодо формування страхових резервів України з фокусом на постанові НБУ № 157 як ключовому нормативному маркері. Виокремлено ключові напрями сучасної risk-based наглядової логіки: посилення управління ризиками, вимог до активів, ALM, актуарної верифікації та внутрішнього контролю. Обґрунтовано наукові передумови реформи й продемонстровано її узгодженість з IFRS 17 і принципами IAIS. Показано, що нові підходи підвищують доказовість резервів, створюють передумови застосування AI та рівень захисту споживачів.
Abstract (eng):
This paper analyzes the 2025–2026 regulatory transformation of insurance reserve formation and validation in Ukraine, with particular emphasis on Resolution No. 157 of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine dated 24 December 2025. The study examines how the updated regulatory framework redefines insurers’ governance architecture, risk management practices, and accounting treatment of insurance contracts within a risk-oriented supervisory paradigm, while creating institutional preconditions for the application of advanced digital analytics and artificial intelligence in internal audit and reserve verification. The research identifies the core directions of the reform, including the strengthening of corporate governance and internal audit, enhanced asset eligibility requirements for covering insurance liabilities, integration of currency and maturity matching within asset-liability management (ALM), expansion of actuarial verification of reserve adequacy, and intensification of supervisory monitoring.
The paper substantiates the scientific and methodological foundations of the reform by interpreting insurance reserves as deferred economic liabilities requiring evidence-based valuation, unified accounting policies, and integrated internal control procedures. Using comparative and systemic analytical methods, the study assesses regulatory alignment with international frameworks, including IFRS 17, IAIS principles, and European supervisory guidance, and evaluates their role in enabling data-driven and AI-supported control environments. The findings demonstrate that the new regulatory approach improves the evidential quality of reserve measurement, reduces the risk of formal reserve backing by illiquid or high-risk assets, and enhances insurer solvency discipline.
The results confirm that the reformed framework strengthens policyholder protection, increases transparency and accountability of insurers, and contributes to the financial resilience and stability of the insurance sector. The study establishes a methodological and institutional basis for the practical implementation of modern risk-oriented, digitally enabled, and AI-supported accounting and internal audit approaches in regulated insurance markets.