Державна політика в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи України

Малишев, К.В.; Malyshev, K.V.

Державна політика в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи України

Малишев, К.В.; Malyshev, K.V.

URI: http://eztuir.ztu.edu.ua/123456789/8277

Date: 2022

Abstract (ukr):

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора наук з державного управління за спеціальністю 25.00.05 – державне управління у сфері державної безпеки та охорони громадського порядку. Державний університет «Житомирська політехніка», Житомир, 2022. Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню наукового завдання розбудови теоретичних положень формування та реалізації державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи в контексті теорії інтересів та розробці методологічних положень формування механізмів її реалізації. В роботі обґрунтувано теоретичні положення формування та реалізації державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Розвинуто понятійний апарат дослідження державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Здійснено оцінку результатів реалізації реформ правоохоронної системи в Україні. Ідентифіковано системні проблеми державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Обґрунтувано напрями розвитку методології державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи в контексті теорії інтересів та визначити її місце в їх узгодженні. Розвинуто напрями застосування системного підходу до розвитку теоретико- методологічних положень формування та реалізації державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Розроблено методологічні положення формування та реалізації державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Встановлено напрями розвитку центральних та органів виконавчої влади як суб’єктів формування державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Обґрунтувано фундаментальні положення діяльності правоохоронних органів та органів державної влади, що реалізують правоохоронну функцію. Визначено напрями розширення суб’єктного складу правоохоронної системи в контексті вирішення ключових завдань забезпечення державної безпеки, громадського порядку та протидії злочинності. Розроблено правовий механізм та організаційно-правове забезпечення реалізації державної політики в сфері трансформації правоохоронної системи. Розроблено механізми забезпечення кібербезпеки правоохоронної системи.

Abstract (eng):

Dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, specialty 25.00.05 - public administration in the field of state security and protection of public order. Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, 2022. The dissertation is devoted to the development of theoretical provisions for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of transformation of the law enforcement system in the context of the theory of interests and the development of methodological provisions for the formation of mechanisms for its implementation. The dissertation substantiates the development of the doctrine of state policy in the field of transformation of the law enforcement system in the context of the theory of interest, in particular: 1) the origins of interest in the state administration system and their formalization in law are established; 2) meaningful characteristics of private, public and public interests are determined, which is the basis of the formation of the law enforcement system as a tool for ensuring their satisfaction; 3) the manifestation of the law enforcement system in the context of the theory of interests is defined, in particular as: a tool for the protection and regulation of all interests; system of intersection of interests of agents; a tool for narrowing private interests; 4) the dependence of national, state, public and personal security on the level of settlement of interests in the formation and implementation of the studied state policy is determined. The following hypothesis is proposed and proven: the satisfaction of interests through their formalization in law and protection in the law enforcement system depends on the political regime operating in the state, and the analysis of dictatorial regimes shows that the concepts of public and state interests have been replaced by the private interest of the dictator, which as a result leads to threats to society in a certain country (using the law enforcement system to persecute political opponents), and can also become a threat to geopolitical security. The structure and content of provisions on the activities of temporary investigative groups are proposed, in particular regarding: 1) investigation of crimes committed by politicians, civil servants and law enforcement officers against state sovereignty and integrity, which contributed to the Russian military aggression on February 24, 2022; 2) investigation of war crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine by the armed forces of the Russian Federation; 3) intelligence activity and search for persons suspected of committing war crimes on the territory of Ukraine and taking measures to present them before an international tribunal. The methodological provisions of the state policy study through the application of the systemic approach have been improved, in particular, the compliance of the law enforcement system with the key characteristics (principles) 35 of the systemic approach (multidimensionality, multifacetedness, hierarchy, diversity, dynamism) has been substantiated; systemic properties of the law enforcement system, formed on the basis of the general classification of systems are identified; the law enforcement system and its separate elements were implemented in the general classification of systems, as a result of which it became possible to visualize the information model of the law enforcement system. The legal mechanism of state policy in the field of the law enforcement system transformation has been developed, which consists in the justification of changes to the Regulation on the President of Ukraine Office, the Law of Ukraine on the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Regulation on the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; defining the structure and content of the Regulation on the joint activity of the SSU and the Security Intelligence Service in the field of preventing and countering the legalization of proceeds of crime, the financing of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, and the Regulation on the joint activity of the SSU, SBI and ESB in the field of financing political extremism, separatism and collaboration. The mechanisms for ensuring the cyber security of the law enforcement system have been developed, which includes: initial provisions (objects of cyber security and objects of cyber protection; subjects of ensuring cyber security of the state and subjects of ensuring cyber security of the law enforcement system; principles and tasks of the mechanism); the procedure for ensuring cyber security of the law enforcement system of Ukraine by stages of implementation (1) assessment of cyber security, cyber protection of the law enforcement system as a whole; 2) assessment of potential cyber threats for future periods; 3) formation of the strategy for ensuring cyber security of the law enforcement system; 4) implementation of cyber protection measures; 5) implementation of a permanent monitoring system for cyber security; 3) control over the implementation of the strategy and evaluation of the measures effectiveness), which provide for the identification of subjects, areas of support and the resulting document. The procedure for ensuring cyber security of the law enforcement body has been formed, which includes the following components: 1) assessment of cyber security and cyber protection of the law enforcement body; 2) assessment of potential cyber threats for future periods; 3) formation of cyber security standards; 4) organization of the cyber protection system of the law enforcement body; 5) organization of personal data security; 6) organization of cyber security and cyber protection of the workplace; 7) organization of cyber security of law enforcement processes; 8) organization of a special communication system in case of unauthorized intrusion into the information system; 9) implementation of data destruction protocol in case of physical intrusion. The conceptual apparatus of state policy in the field of the law enforcement system transformation has been developed by clarifying the content of the concepts of "law enforcement activity" (as a type of state activity and as an object of state policy); "law enforcement agencies" (as a state institution that implements the law enforcement function and as a subject of state policy implementation); "law 36 enforcement system"; "state policy in the sphere of the law enforcement system transformation ", which is the basis of theoretical knowledge. A study of the critical points of the law enforcement system, which is a consequence of the systemic problems of state management of law enforcement activities, was carried out by determining the level of public order, citizen safety and crime, which as a result leads to a low level of public trust in law enforcement agencies (it is a consequence, and with another factor of reform, because it determines the level of rejection of reforms in society). Systemic problems of state policy in the field of the law enforcement system transformation were identified, in particular: 1) politicization of the law enforcement system of the state, which as a result leads to a low level of management of its functional and operational processes; 2) low level of public awareness of reforming the law enforcement system; 3) lack of communication between law enforcement agencies; 4) the legal mechanism is changeable to political forces, which as a result leads to significant changes in the legislation and the adoption of imperfect initial laws; 5) lack of comprehensiveness in reforming; 6) lack of communication between central bodies of executive power implementing policies in various spheres of public life, which are adjacent to the law enforcement system; 7) imperfection of the structure of the law enforcement system; 8) the problem of financial support of the law enforcement system. The fundamental provisions of the functioning of law enforcement bodies and bodies that implement the law enforcement function are substantiated through: 1) identification of the characteristics that the investigated subjects of the law enforcement system must meet; 2) determination of the classification features of law enforcement agencies, which determine their functional focus, organizational and legal form, and powers; 3) confirmation of the functions and principles of law enforcement agencies.

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